The RF Shop Wattmeter

RF Wattmeter Primer and Selection Guide

RF Shop Home

Wattmeters That Require Plug-in Elements

The most economical and commonly used RF wattmeter is the Bird Electronic Model 43. Bird Wattmeters. I've been selling and using this model since 1976. The Bird Model 43 is the industry standard and is the benchmark for performance and reliability in routine RF power measurements. Bird Model 43 The Model 43 requires plug-in elements (often referred to as "slugs") for the frequency range and power range for which the meter is going to be used. There is a large selection of elements available that cover the frequency range from 0.45 MHz to 2.5 GHz in power ranges from less than one watt to more 10,000 Watts. The Bird Model 43 is an in-line wattmeter that reads forward and reverse power. From these two measurements it's possible to easily calculate the SWR (Standing Wave Ratio) from the RF load (antenna, amplifier, filter, etc.). The connectors on the Model 43 can be Type N, UHF, TNC, BNC, etc., and are easily changeable with only a screwdriver required. Many users purchase multiple connectors and have them available for quick changes when needed. It's a good idea to have an RF Load available to terminate one end of the wattmeter if you are going to measure transmitter output power and do not want to use the antenna as a load. The RF shop has a large selection of  RF Loads for you to choose from.

Coaxial Dynamics is another manufacturer that offers high quality RF power measurement products similar to the Bird Electronic products. The two manufacturer's plug-in elements are interchangeable.

Wattmeters That Do Not Require Plug-in Elements

There are many RF Wattmeters that do no not require plug in elements. For example the Bird 4304A and all of the Telewave wattmeter products Telewave Wattmeters. Telewave 44AP These meters cover a wide frequency and power range without the need to purchase expensive elements. The meters have front panel switches that select the power range from 5 Watts full scale to 500 Watts full scale. Although, these broadband RF Wattmeters are more expensive initially, you will avoid a lot of expense by not requiring multiple plug-in elements or slugs in the future.

Telewave, Inc. manufacturers a low frequency (2-200 MHz) and a high frequency (20 MHz to 1000 MHz) model of this type meter. You should note that the maximum power of 500 Watts on these style, as well as other RF wattmeters. is the RMS or average rated power. If you are measuring single side band (SSB) PEP (peak envelope power) the meter can be used at much greater than 500 Watts. As long as the average power is less than 500 Watts it will be displayed correctly on the wattmeter. When measuring RF power of SSB voice transmissions wattmeters will display the average power which is considerably less than the peak power. In other words, a 500 Watt maximum power scale will be adequate to measure SSB voice transmissions up to 2000 watts. For more details on this subject visit this link Power - What's It All About. To measure true peak power you will need a peak measuring wattmeter like the Bird Model 43P, 4314 and APM-16. See more on these meters below.

The Ultimate RF Wattmeter - Bird Model 4410(A)

The Bird Model 4410(A) uses special broadband elements to provide multiple power ranges using  a single element. Bird Model 4410(A) With the Model 4410(A) only a few elements are required to cover the frequency range of 0.5 to 1000 MHz and 1 Watt to 10,000 Watts. This meter provides the ultimate in RF power measurement versatility. This is one of our best selling models and is available in several packages. Bird Wattmeters For an example, the 4410(A) with one HF element (2-30 MHz) has seven full scale power measurement ranges of 1 Watt, 3 Watts, 10 Watts, 30 Watts, 100 Watts, 300 Watts and 1000 Watts. The Bird 4410(A) elements as listed separately and are not interchangeable with the Model 43 elements. If you plan to measure power at a lot of different frequencies and power levels the 4410(A) will save you money in the long run by drastically cutting the number of elements you will need to have on hand. Before I discovered the 4410(A) I was carrying around 15-20 elements to cover the many uses that I have for an RF wattmeter.

RF Shop Home

Peak Reading Wattmeters

Peak measuring RF wattmeters have additional circuitry that allows the meter to capture and display the maximum peak power. This is especially useful when measuring SSB voice transmission power. The Bird Model 4314 and 43P are examples of meters with this feature. These two meters use the same elements as the Bird Model 43. Bird Electronic and others manufacture offer user installable modules that can be installed in many Model 43 meters to add a peak reading feature. Look under Accessories in the shopping cart to see these products. Bird Model APM-16 The Bird APM-16 employs active circuitry to deliver accuracy of ± 5% for multiple-access technologies such as CDMA, TDMA, FDMA and other digitally-encoded communication systems.

RF Sampling Wattmeters

Bird Models 4430 and 4431 and the Telewave Models 44AP and 44L1P Telewave Wattmeters have an RF Sampling tap to provide a reduced level sample of the RF being measured. This signal can be used to monitor the RF Power with an oscilloscope or frequency counter. There are also RF samplers offered in the Accessories category on the shopping cart that will provide RF Sampling on most wattmeters. Accessories

Terminating Wattmeters/RF Load

Bird Model 611 As the name implies these wattmeters have a RF termination, usually 50 Ohms. They are available in a variety of shapes and sizes and can be air cooled or oil filled. They are typically good to about 100 Watts, however, there are some models that will handle as much as 1-2 KW, for example the Bird model 694. Adding a cooling fan to the heat radiator can extend the useful power range of the RF load. The RF shop  offers a good selection of terminating wattmeters and RF loads available at these two links Wattmeter/RF Load and RF Loads  In-line wattmeters can be used as a terminating wattmeter by connecting a RF load to one of the RF connectors on the wattmeter. The intermittent power ratings on these RF loads are much higher than the continuous power rating.

Accuracy and Calibration

Most of the RF wattmeters on our website have accuracies of around +/- 5% of the full scale range. For example, a 100 Watt meter will have an accuracy of +/- 5 Watts on the 100 Watt scale. At the low end of the scale, say 10 Watts, this accuracy is not very useful. For low power measurements you should use a low power setting on the meter or a low power element. There are some exceptions, for example the Bird APM-16 has an accuracy of around +/- 5% of the reading instead of the full scale value. These more accurate meters are usually more expensive. Refer to the manufacturer's links listed below to determine the correct and accurate specifications for any wattmeter.

Calibration of broadband RF wattmeters requires some very specialized and expensive equipment. In almost all cases a NIST traceable calibration can only be performed by the manufacturer. The RF Shop checks each meter and element that we sell for accuracy using high quality calibrated wattmeters and test equipment, however, this is not a traceable calibration. If you require a full calibration we can have the product calibrated for you by the product manufacturer for an additional cost. This usually takes about 2-3 weeks and costs from $75-$400.

Wattmeter Manufacturer Links

Bird Electronic
Coaxial Dynamics
Telewave, Inc

RF Shop Home

email: The RF Shop
The RF Shop Wattmeter